Shmikah

The first century followers of Jesus understood that to be a disciple meant that they had devote their lives to becoming like Jesus. Most Christians today are not disciples of Jesus. They are believers, but they are not disciples.

In the Jewish world, there were two kinds of rabbis. One was called a Torah teacher. Torah teachers were very learned in the Torah and were able to teach whatever the people understood and accepted as sound teaching from the Word of God. The second kind of rabbi was called a Master teacher. Master teachers could recite 365 pages of Scripture from memory and they were able to give new teachings or new interpretations of the Scriptures. For example, the Bible says that God’s people are not to work on the Sabbath, but it does not clearly define what “work” is. Defining these meanings was the job of the Master-teachers. Jesus was one of these rabbis who was able to give new interpretations. We know this because we read often in the gospels where Jesus says, “You have heard it said, but I say…” This is an example of giving new interpretations.

What gave a rabbi the right to give new interpretations? Rabbis who were able to teach new interpretations were those who had shmikah. The word that the English translators often use to translate the word shmikah is “authority.”

In Mark’s gospel we read that Jesus went to Capernaum and began to teach in the synagogue. And the Bible says Jesus taught, not like the Torah-teachers, but like one who had authority (shmikah). Jesus was a Master teacher, a rabbi with shmikah.

How did a rabbi get shmikah? It actually begins way back when Moses and Aaron chose the 70 judges in the book of Exodus. They brought all of the 70 together, placed their hands on the heads of each of them and declared that they had the authority to speak on God’s behalf when leading God’s people. After that, only a rabbi who was anointed by two other Master-teachers and declared in the presence of witnesses to have schmikah was considered to be a Master-teacher.

Rabbis would often be asked, “Where did you get your shmikah” just as Jesus was asked by the chief priest, Torah-teachers, and elders in Luke 20:1-3. “One day as he was teaching the people in the temple courts and preaching the gospel, the chief priest and the teachers of the law together with the elders, came up to him. ‘Tell us by what authority you are doing these things,’ they said. ‘Who gave you this authority?”

So, who were the two people who had the authority to speak on God's behalf and declared that Jesus had that same authority? Jesus says after the teachers, priest, and elders asked him where he received his shmikah, “I will also ask you a question. Tell me, John’s baptism – was it from heaven, or from men,” which was half the answer. When Jesus came to the Jordon River for John’s baptism, John said, “Look everyone! The Messiah!” John is the first shmikahed rabbi to claim that Jesus has the authority of God when he speaks. The second authoritative person who declared the authority or shmikah of Jesus spoke when the heavens opened after Jesus’ baptism and said, “This is my son! Obey him! For I love him!”

Jesus is the only Master-teacher in history who received his authority to speak on the behalf of God from God himself. This means that when Jesus says something to his followers, God is speaking to His followers. All authority in heaven and in earth has been given to Jesus. To follow Jesus is to follow God. To obey Jesus is to obey God. To imitate Jesus is to imitate God.

When Jesus tells us that we must do something, if we are to follow him, then he isn’t giving us a suggestion. Either we love our enemy or we are not His followers. Either we feed the hungry or we go home. Either we help the sick or we stop pretending that we know what it means to follow Jesus.

Being a disciple is not synonymous with being a believer. Being a disciple of Jesus is to be an imitator of God.